NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Human Genome Project is an international research project whose primary mission is to decipher the chemical sequence of the complete human genetic material (i.e., the entire genome), identify all 50, 000 to 100, 000 genes contained within the genome, and provide research tools to analyze all this genetic information.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Human Genome Project was a landmark global scientific effort whose signature goal was to generate the first sequence of the human genome. In 2003, the Human Genome Project produced a genome sequence that accounted for over 90% of the human genome.

Detailed explanation-3: -An international project In total, the ‘International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium’, as the Human Genome Project team” was known, involved scientists from 20 institutions in six countries: France, Germany, Japan, China, the UK and the USA (the full list can be found below).

Detailed explanation-4: -The approach used by the members of the IHGSC was called the hierarchical shotgun method, because the team members systematically generated overlapping clones mapped to individual human chromosomes, which were individually sequenced using a shotgun approach (Figure 2).

Detailed explanation-5: -Despite the controversy, the HGP was initiated in 1990 under the leadership of American geneticist Francis Collins, with support from the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The effort was soon joined by scientists from around the world.