NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Artificial selection, also called “selective breeding”, is where humans select for desirable traits in agricultural products or animals, rather than leaving the species to evolve and change gradually without human interference, like in natural selection.

Detailed explanation-2: -Eugenics is essentially selective breeding applied to humans.

Detailed explanation-3: -When an interesting or useful trait is identified in a dog, owners would breed from that dog in the hope of the trait being passed on. Over many rounds of such breeding attempts, especially where two dogs with the same trait are bred with each other, traits became fixed.

Detailed explanation-4: -Selective breeding and genetic disorders This process involves the selection and breeding of animals with desirable characteristics, leading to offspring that inherit the same traits. But selective breeding, when taken to the extreme, can lead to the development of genetic disorders.

Detailed explanation-5: -In animal breeding, techniques such as inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing are utilized. In plant breeding, similar methods are used. Charles Darwin discussed how selective breeding had been successful in producing change over time in his 1859 book, On the Origin of Species.