NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Nonetheless, they are capable of directing protein synthesis, and, like chromosomal DNA, they are reproduced and passed on to the bacterium’s progeny. Thus, by incorporating foreign DNA (for example, a mammalian gene) into a bacterium, researchers can obtain an almost limitless number of copies of the inserted gene.

Detailed explanation-2: -We use bacteria as protein factories Bacteria can translate foreign genes into proteins – and scientists have ways to ensure that the bacteria make the proteins in large amounts. For these reasons, bacteria can function as ‘protein factories’, producing medically important proteins and others.

Detailed explanation-3: -Using restriction enzymes, scientists can cut and paste together DNA from different species. For example, by cutting and pasting the gene for human insulin into bacteria, we can use the bacteria as biofactories to produce insulin for diabetic patients.

Detailed explanation-4: -For a variety of reasons, bacteria are used in recombinant technology. They have plasmid DNA, which is extrachromosomal DNA that can multiply on its own. They are simpler to control and quickly duplicate in a medium. It is simple to screen, pick, and transfer transformants to the target cells.

Detailed explanation-5: -With a few exceptions (some prokaryotes, mitochondria, chloroplasts), the genetic code is universal – it’s the same in all organisms from viruses and bacteria to humans. The table of the Standard Universal Genetic Code on the next page shows the RNA version of triplet codons and their corresponding amino acids.