NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, encodes the information cells need to make proteins. A related type of nucleic acid, called ribonucleic acid (RNA), comes in different molecular forms that play multiple cellular roles, including protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Deoxyribonucleic acid (abbreviated DNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nucleic acids are giant biomolecules made of monomers called nucleotides. Nucleotides have three components: pentose sugar (5-carbon sugar), phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

Detailed explanation-4: -The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-5: -Nucleotides combine in a three-letter code, called the genetic code, to provide instructions for creating proteins. Each nucleotide triplet or codon is translated into a specific amino acid (Table 2). For example, the nucleotides UUC code for the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe). Long chains of amino acids form proteins.