NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -By housing the cell’s genome, the nucleus serves both as the repository of genetic information and as the cell’s control center. DNA replication, transcription, and RNA processing all take place within the nucleus, with only the final stage of gene expression (translation) localized to the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-2: -The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.

Detailed explanation-3: -DNA controls all of the cellular activities by turning the genes “on” or “off. ” The other type of nucleic acid, RNA, is mostly involved in protein synthesis. In eukaryotes, the DNA molecules never leave the nucleus but instead use an intermediary to communicate with the rest of the cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -In the nucleus, the DNA code is “transcribed, ” or copied, into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA code is “translated” into amino acids. Translation is orchestrated at the ribosome-itself partly composed of RNA-with transfer RNA playing the role of adaptor.

Detailed explanation-5: -Thus, the synthesis of a protein is governed by the information in its DNA, with the help of messengers (mRNA) and translators (tRNA). In the nucleus, DNA is transcribed to RNA. The mRNA carries the message out of the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm where the tRNA helps translate the message to make a protein.