NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Golgi apparatus: organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products. Ribosomes: complexes (small brown dots) that make proteins; free in cytosol or bound to rough ER or nuclear envelope. Cytoskeleton: reinforces cell’s shape, functions in cell movement components are made of protein.

Detailed explanation-2: -The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a key role in the modification of proteins and the synthesis of lipids. It consists of a network of membranous tubules and flattened sacs. The discs and tubules of the ER are hollow, and the space inside is called the lumen.

Detailed explanation-3: -Abstract. The Golgi apparatus of both higher plant and animal cells sorts and packages macromolecules which are in transit to and from the cell surface and to the lysosome (vacuole). It is also the site of oligosaccharide and polysaccharide synthesis and modification.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Golgi enzymes catalyze the addition or removal of sugars from cargo proteins (glycosylation), the addition of sulfate groups (sulfation), and the addition of phosphate groups (phosphorylation). Cargo proteins are modified by enzymes (called resident enzymes) located within each cisterna.

Detailed explanation-5: -The organelles involved in the process of protein synthesis include the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the golgi apparatus (GA).