NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The ribosome is universally responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating the genetic code transcribed in mRNA into an amino acid sequence. Ribosomes use cellular accessory proteins, soluble transfer RNAs, and metabolic energy to accomplish the initiation, elongation, and termination of peptide synthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Translation is the process of protein synthesis and occurs on ribosomes where mRNA come from the nucleus and attached to the ribosome and in the presence of ribozyme and tRNA in ribosome mRNA translates the codon for protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Synthesis of new proteins starts in the nucleus, where ribosomes get their instruction to begin the process. Sections of DNA (genes), encoding a specific protein, are copied over to messenger RNA (mRNA) strands in a process called transcription.

Detailed explanation-4: -Although it is universally accepted that protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm, the possibility that translation can also take place in the nucleus has been hotly debated.

Detailed explanation-5: -Proteins are synthesized on the rough ER. Those that are processed are inserted cotranslationally into the ER. Such insertion requires the presence of a signal peptide at the N terminus, which is recognized by a specific receptor (docking protein) on the ER membrane.