NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the example of corals, the host animal is a multicellular cnidarian, and the endosymbiont is a unicellular alga called a dinoflagellate. The host animal serves as a protected environment, providing the alga with a constant supply of nutrients in the form of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

Detailed explanation-2: -The small cells (now called endosymbionts) benefited from the relationship by getting a safe home and nutrients. The large cells (now called hosts) benefited by getting some of the organic molecules or energy released by the endosymbionts.

Detailed explanation-3: -Endosymbiosis is a variety of mutual symbiosis in which one organism lives inside another. This process represents a merger of branches of the “tree of life, ” and is thus a form of horizontal gene transfer.

Detailed explanation-4: -The first endosymbiotic event occurred when a eukaryotic cell engulfed a prokaryote (SF Fig. 2.4 Step 3). This process, known as primary endosymbiosis, created the mitochondrion. Chloroplasts likely evolved when a eukaryotic cell containing mitochondria engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacteria cell (SF Fig.