NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -From the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins are transported in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus, where they are further processed and sorted for transport to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion from the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Golgi apparatus is the central organelle mediating protein and lipid transport within the eukaryotic cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -COPII-coated vesicles transport cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi; COPI-coated vesicles transport cargo in the retrograde direction (from the cis-Golgi back to the ER) and between Golgi cisternae; and clathrin-coated vesicles form from the plasma membrane and the TGN to fuse with endosomes or lysosomes (Fig.

Detailed explanation-4: -Proteins and lipids are carried from the ER to the Golgi in transport vesicles that bud from the membrane of the ER and then fuse to form the vesicles and tubules of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC).

Detailed explanation-5: -Carrier proteins and channel proteins are the two major classes of membrane transport proteins. Carrier proteins (also called carriers, permeases, or transporters) bind the specific solute to be transported and undergo a series of conformational changes to transfer the bound solute across the membrane (Figure 11-3).