NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. If the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process called programmed cell death, or apoptosis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Organelles like mitochondria, ER, peroxisomes play an important role in innate immunity and host defence [7]. Recently lipid droplets have also been reported to be essential for innate response against viral infection [8].

Detailed explanation-3: -Lysosomes function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself.

Detailed explanation-4: -Lysosomes destroy microorganisms with the help of hydrolytic enzymes present in them. For e.g. a macrophage engulfs the microorganism through phagocytosis after which fuses with lysosomes, in which the pathogen is destroyed by hydrolytic enzymes.