CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTION
CELL STRUCTURE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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(2.1) Some diseases decrease the activity of certain enzymes in the mitochondria of cells. Which of the following is the most direct result of this decreased enzyme activity?
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The cells are not able to divide by mitosis.
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The cells are not able to move water by diffusion.
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The cells produce less ATP by cellular respiration.
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The cells produce fewer sugars by photosynthesis.
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Explanation:
Detailed explanation-1: -The mitochondrial enzyme glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase is necessary for the metabolism of lysine/tryptophan and hydroxylysine. Absence of the enzyme (usually autosomal recessive) results in mitochondrial dysfunction and production of the toxins glutaric acid and 3-OH-glutaric acid.
Detailed explanation-2: -Widespread damage to mitochondria causes cells to die because they can no longer produce enough energy. Indeed, mitochondria themselves unleash the enzymes responsible for cell death.
Detailed explanation-3: -When the mitochondria are defective, the cells do not have enough energy. The unused oxygen and fuel molecules build up in the cells and cause damage.
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