NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Within the ribosome, the rRNA molecules direct the catalytic steps of protein synthesis-the stitching together of amino acids to make a protein molecule. In fact, rRNA is sometimes called a ribozyme or catalytic RNA to reflect this function.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ribosomes translate information encoded in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). They link together specific amino acids to form polypeptides and they export these to the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-3: -A protein molecule is made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond (Figure 3-1). Proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides.

Detailed explanation-4: -A peptide bond, also referred to as an amide bond, is formed between the -nitrogen atom of one amino acid and the carbonyl carbon of a second (diagrammed below).

Detailed explanation-5: -Peptidyl transferase is the activity responsible for peptide bond formation during protein synthesis. This enzyme activity catalyzes the reaction between the amino group of the aminoacyl-tRNA in the A site and the carboxyl carbon of the peptidyl-tRNA in the P site, forming a peptide bond from an ester bond.