NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -These flattened, hollow folds and sacs are called cisternae. The ER has two major functions: Transport: Molecules, such as proteins, can move from place to place inside the ER, much like on an intracellular highway.

Detailed explanation-2: -Structurally, the Golgi apparatus consists of a stack of four to six flattened sacs, called cisternae, surrounded by a cloud of vesicles (Fig. 5.5). The stack of cisternae is known as the dictyosome. Membrane-bound vesicles derived from the ER fuse with one of the dictyosome cisternae known as the forming face.

Detailed explanation-3: -Golgi body is made up of flat, membrane-enclosed sacs and functions as a processing centre for proteins synthesised in the ribosomes. The golgi apparatus is the organelle that modifies and packages different compounds like proteins. It is often referred to as the “post office of the cell.”

Detailed explanation-4: -The ER is the largest intracellular membrane compartment, consisting of membranous tubules or flattened sacs (cisternae) that enclose a continuous lumen or space and extend throughout the cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-5: -COPII-coated vesicles transport cargo proteins from the ER to the Golgi; COPI-coated vesicles transport cargo in the retrograde direction (from the cis-Golgi back to the ER) and between Golgi cisternae; and clathrin-coated vesicles form from the plasma membrane and the TGN to fuse with endosomes or lysosomes (Fig. 1).