NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Transport proteins function in both active and passive transport to move molecules across the plasma membrane. Two main groups of transport proteins can be found within the plasma membrane, and each helps water-loving molecules pass across the plasma membrane.

Detailed explanation-2: -The process of endocytosis and exocytosis are utilized by all the cells for transportation of molecules which cannot passively permeate via the membrane. Endocytosis is the process of active transportation of molecules into the cells by the action of engulfing it along with its membrane.

Detailed explanation-3: -(See below.) Active transport uses carrier proteins, not channel proteins. These carrier proteins are different than the ones seen in facilitated diffusion, as they need ATP in order to change conformation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Transport proteins constitute ≈10% of most proteomes and play vital roles in the translocation of solutes across membranes of all organisms.

Detailed explanation-5: -Transport proteins generally perform two types of transport: “facilitated diffusion, ” where a transport protein simply creates an opening for a substance to diffuse down its concentration gradient; and “active transport, ” where the cell expends energy in order to move a substance against its concentration gradient.