NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The endoplasmic reticulum can either be smooth or rough, and in general its function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function. The rough endoplasmic reticulum has on it ribosomes, which are small, round organelles whose function it is to make those proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Small organelles found in our cells. They are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins during protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-3: -To build proteins, the two ribosomal subunits, small and large, assemble together to form the complete ribosome. It has binding sites for mRNA and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit sits on top of the small subunit, with the mRNA template sandwiched in between the two.

Detailed explanation-4: -The most prominent substructure within the nucleus is the nucleolus (see Figure 8.1), which is the site of rRNA transcription and processing, and of ribosome assembly. As discussed in the preceding chapter, cells require large numbers of ribosomes to meet their needs for protein synthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Then, the final ribosomal proteins integrate into the structure to form a key site called the peptidyltransferase centre (PTC), which is where the ribosome joins together amino acids when making new proteins for the cell.