NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Cancer is unchecked cell growth. Mutations in genes can cause cancer by accelerating cell division rates or inhibiting normal controls on the system, such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. As a mass of cancerous cells grows, it can develop into a tumor.

Detailed explanation-2: -In one of the descendants of this second cell, a third mutation takes place, inactivating a genome stability factor. Once the genome stability factor is inactivated, additional mutations accumulate rapidly in the cell’s descendants (because mutations are no longer prevented or repaired as efficiently).

Detailed explanation-3: -Genes contain information to make proteins, and proteins control many important functions like cell growth. Genetic mutations can change how proteins function. Some types of genetic mutations change proteins in ways that cause healthy cells to become cancerous.

Detailed explanation-4: -Oncogenes are mutated genes that cause cells to grow out of control and can lead to cancer. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that control cell growth but if they become mutated they can turn into oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes and oncogenes act like on/off switches. A proto-oncogene is usually switched off.

Detailed explanation-5: -A term used to describe cancer cells that divide rapidly and have little or no resemblance to normal cells.