CELL STRUCTURES AND FUNCTION
CELL CYCLE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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cells stop dividing
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damage to DNA prevents regulators from functioning properly
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cell’s DNA doesn’t divide properly
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the surface area-to-volume ratio of cells is too low to meet the needs of the cell
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Detailed explanation-1: -So errors will build up in other genes over time and allow a cancer to form. Scientists have found damaged DNA repair genes in some cancers, including bowel cancer.
Detailed explanation-2: -DNA damage has been long recognized as causal factor for cancer development. When erroneous DNA repair leads to mutations or chromosomal aberrations affecting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, cells undergo malignant transformation resulting in cancerous growth.
Detailed explanation-3: -Cancer-related genetic changes can occur because: random mistakes in our DNA happen as our cells multiply. our DNA is altered by carcinogens in our environment, such as chemicals in tobacco smoke, UV rays from the sun, and the human papillomavirus (HPV) they were inherited from one of our parents.
Detailed explanation-4: -Endogenous sources of DNA damage include hydrolysis, oxidation, alkylation, and mismatch of DNA bases; sources for exogenous DNA damage include ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and various chemicals agents.