NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Prophase. The first and longest phase of mitosis is prophase (Figure below). During prophase, chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope, or membrane, breaks down. In animal cells, the centrioles near the nucleus begin to separate and move to opposite poles (sides) of the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -During metaphase, chromosomes are organized on an equatorial plate. Metaphase is the stage of eukaryotic cell division when the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -Metaphase is defined as the point at which all of the chromosome pairs are fully condensed, attached to the mitotic spindle, and aligned at the center-termed the “metaphase plate.”

Detailed explanation-4: -During metaphase, the chromosomes get arranged in the form of a plate called the equatorial plate or metaphase plate at the equator of the spindle. This plate is at right angles to the axis of the spindle and is formed of the kinetochores, the arms of chromatids trailing away.

Detailed explanation-5: -Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate, under tension from the mitotic spindle. The two sister chromatids of each chromosome are captured by microtubules from opposite spindle poles. In metaphase, the spindle has captured all the chromosomes and lined them up at the middle of the cell, ready to divide.