NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Typically sister chromatids are identical copies having the same size and also have the same genes. The genes are at the same loci and have the same alleles. Whereas homologous chromosomes carry the same genes at the same loci but can have different alleles.

Detailed explanation-2: -Each pair consists of chromosomes of the same size and shape, and they also contain the same genes. The chromosomes in a pair are known as homologous chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Homologous chromosomes correspond to the chromosomes present on the same pair in contrast to non-homologous chromosomes where they are found on different pairs. Number of chromosomes in homologous pairs are based on the ploidy of that entity.

Detailed explanation-4: -The chromosomes in a homologous pair each have the same genes in the same order, but there may be variation between them, resulting in different alleles. Some of the variants in these alleles might have functional implications while others will not.

Detailed explanation-5: -Homologous chromosomes are made up of chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, for genes with the same corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism’s mother; the other is inherited from the organism’s father.