NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria, undergo a type of cell division known as binary fission. This process involves replication of the cell’s chromosomes, segregation of the copied DNA, and splitting of the parent cell’s cytoplasm.

Detailed explanation-2: -In bacteria, the DNA replication machinery is assembled at the single origin of DNA replication in a characteristic location. In Caulobacter, the replisome is located at one end of the rod-shaped bacterium but in E. coli, it is located in the middle of the cell (Toro and Shapiro 2010).

Detailed explanation-3: -The DNA of most bacteria is contained in a single circular molecule, called the bacterial chromosome. The chromosome, along with several proteins and RNA molecules, forms an irregularly shaped structure called the nucleoid. This sits in the cytoplasm of the bacterial cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -Cytoplasm-The cytoplasm, or protoplasm, of bacterial cells is where the functions for cell growth, metabolism, and replication are carried out. It is a gel-like matrix composed of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and gases and contains cell structures such as ribosomes, a chromosome, and plasmids.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. It occurs concurrently with two types of nuclear division called mitosis and meiosis, which occur in animal cells.