NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The two “sister” chromatids are joined at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere. During cell division, spindle fibers attach to the centromere and pull each of the sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cohesin forms rings that hold the sister chromatids together, whereas condensin forms rings that coil the chromosomes into highly compact forms.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sister Chromatids Are Joined Together at Centromeres In addition to their kinetochore-related function, centromeres perform another essential role in mitosis by serving as the sites of sister chromatid cohesion. For accurate mitoses, sister chromatids must remain attached until the spindle checkpoint has been passed.

Detailed explanation-4: -They attach at a point called the kinetochore, which is a disk or protein that is on each side of the centromere. The spindle fibers will move the chromosomes until they are lined up at the spindle equator.

Detailed explanation-5: -Long protein filaments called kinetochore microtubules extended from poles on either end of the cell and attached to the kinetochores. During metaphase, the kinetochore microtubules pull the sister chromatids back and forth until they align along the equator of the cell, called the equatorial plane.