NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pairing of homologous chromosomes does not occur in the prophase of mitosis, whereas homologous chromosomes pair up in prophase I of meiosis I. In the prophase of mitosis, recombination, and crossing over do not take place. In prophase, I of meiosis I, recombination, crossing over, and synapsis takes place.

Detailed explanation-2: -Prophase 1 of meiosis is essentially the crossing over and recombination of genetic material between non sister chromatids which results in the genetically identical, haploid daughter chromatid cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair and form synapses, a step unique to meiosis. The paired chromosomes are called bivalents, and the formation of chiasmata caused by genetic recombination becomes apparent. Chromosomal condensation allows these to be viewed in the microscope.

Detailed explanation-4: -Prophase I involves the separation of homologous chromosomes while prophase II involves the separation of sister chromatids (there are no homologous chromosomes in prophase II).