NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -As well as destroying habitat, reservoirs can also cut off migratory routes across the valley and along the river. Because it isolates populations, this ecosystem fragmentation also leads to the risks of inbreeding from a smaller genetic pool.

Detailed explanation-2: -The effects include blocking migration route, habitat fragmentation, changing from lotic to lentic water in the impounded area, release of hypolimnetic cold water from reservoirs, and changes of water flow in downstream reaches (Fig. 3 and Table 2).

Detailed explanation-3: -Dams have a multi-pronged impact on biodiversity by submerging forests, changing the natural hydro graph of a river, reducing sediment discharge in rivers, affecting groundwater recharge, increasing salinity, increasing pollution concentration, etc., .

Detailed explanation-4: -Fragmentation happens when parts of a habitat are destroyed, leaving behind smaller unconnected areas. This can occur naturally, as a result of fire or volcanic eruptions, but is normally due to human activity. A simple example is the construction of a road through a woodland.