NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Terrestrial biodiversity tends to increase from the poles-where biodiversity is lowest-to the tropics, where biodiversity is highest (see the photos below). This is mainly due to the increase in temperature from the poles to the equator.

Detailed explanation-2: -Species diversity is higher at the equator than at the poles. In biological terms, this is referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), in which the number of species increases from the poles to the Equator. This ranks among the broadest and most notable biodiversity patterns on Earth.

Detailed explanation-3: -Biodiversity loss has been most pronounced on islands and in specific locations around the tropics, where distinctive species often evolve in isolation from the rest of the world.

Detailed explanation-4: -Biodiversity increases towards the equator because the equator has a favorable climate rich in nutrients and sunlight that promotes the development of microhabitats.

Detailed explanation-5: -The WWF’s Living Planet Report 2022 finds wildlife populations have declined by an average 69% in the past 50 years. These six charts outline the scale of biodiversity loss-and what can be done to reach the nature-positive target.