NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Density-independent factors such as earthquakes and hurricanes are: a abiotic factors that maintain a population near equilibrium.

Detailed explanation-2: -Other density-independent factors include hurricanes, pollutants, and seasonal climate extremes. Density-dependent limiting factors tend to be biotic-having to do with living organisms. Competition and predation are two important examples of density-dependent factors.

Detailed explanation-3: -These density-independent factors include food or nutrient limitation, pollutants in the environment, and climate extremes, including seasonal cycles such as monsoons. In addition, catastrophic factors can also impact population growth, such as fires and hurricanes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Density-independent limiting factors affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size and density. Unusual weather such as hurricanes, droughts, or floods, and natural disasters such as wildfires, can act as density-independent limiting factors.

Detailed explanation-5: -The category of density independent limiting factors includes fires, natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, tornados), and the effects of pollution. The chances of dying from any of these limiting factors don’t depend on how many individuals are in the population.