NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer. Explanation: density-independent factor, also called limiting factor, in ecology, any force that affects the size of a population of living things regardless of the density of the population (the number of individuals per unit area).

Detailed explanation-2: -These density-independent factors include food or nutrient limitation, pollutants in the environment, and climate extremes, including seasonal cycles such as monsoons. In addition, catastrophic factors can also impact population growth, such as fires and hurricanes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Density-dependent factors have varying impacts according to population size. Different species populations in the same ecosystem will be affected differently. Factors include: food availability, predator density and disease risk. Density-independent factors are not influenced by a species population size.

Detailed explanation-4: -Food, water, shelter, predation, and density are all things that can allow a population to grow or cause it to decline. Limiting factors like food and water are necessary resources for all organisms; without them they will die so these factors directly affect population size.

Detailed explanation-5: -Density-independent factors often arise from physical and chemical (rather than biological) phenomena. Such factors stemming from weather and climate-as well as flooding, wildfires, landslides, and other disasters-affect a population of living things whether individuals are clustered close together or spaced far apart.