NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ecologists typically divide the ocean into zones based on depth and distance from shore. Starting with the shallowest and clos-est to land, marine ecosystems include the intertidal zone, the coastal ocean, and the open ocean, as shown in Figure 4-22.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ecologists classify aquatic ecosystems according to criteria such as salinity, depth, and whether the water is flowing or standing. Standing freshwater ecosystems include ponds, lakes, inland seas, and wetlands. Flowing freshwater ecosystems include rivers and streams.

Detailed explanation-3: -In general, there are two types of aquatic ecosystems, namely marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Both marine and freshwater ecosystems are further divided under different aquatic ecosystems.

Detailed explanation-4: -Freshwater ecosystems can be divided into three main categories: rivers and streams, lakes and ponds, and freshwater wetlands.