NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Reproductive isolation occurs when populations cannot mate successfully with one another. As a result, slight genetic differences arise within the populations. Over a long period of time, these slight genetic differences become very different and eventually produce new species.

Detailed explanation-2: -Random processes such as mutation and genetic drift can also effect evolution. When members of two isolated populations can no longer successfully mate, the populations are said to be reproductively isolated. Reproductive isolation is the final step prior to speciation, which is the evolution of a new species.

Detailed explanation-3: -Reproductive isolation occurs when a population splits into two groups and the two populations no longer interbreed. When populations become reproductively isolated, they can evolve into two separate species.

Detailed explanation-4: -Given enough time, the genetic and phenotypic divergence between populations will affect characters that influence reproduction: if individuals of the two populations were to be brought together, mating would be improbable, but if mating did occur, offspring would be non-viable or infertile.

Detailed explanation-5: -Sympatric speciation occurs when two populations in the same location become unable to interbreed due to reproductive isolation, which reduces gene flow between populations and thus increases the likelihood of speciation occurring.