NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The deep-sea is defined as the part of the ocean below 200 meters depth. This environment Is considered extremely harsh with temperatures of below 5 degrees Celsius, extreme pressure (2, 000 meters equals about 200 times the atmospheric pressure at sea level), and no sunlight.

Detailed explanation-2: -Principle 5g: There are deep ocean ecosystems that are independent of energy from sunlight and photosynthetic organisms. Hydrothermal vents, submarine hot springs, and methane cold seeps rely only on chemical energy and chemosynthetic organisms to support life.

Detailed explanation-3: -The most studied oceanic extreme environments are the vent ecosystems, such as the hot deep-sea hydrothermal vents (DSHVs) or cold seeps and mud volcanoes, and the hypersaline ecosystems such as the deep anoxic hypersaline lakes, brine lakes on mud volcanoes, and brines contained within sea ice.

Detailed explanation-4: -Organisms living in the deep ocean must be adapted to survive under extreme pressure, limited light, cold temperatures, and other factors. Organisms living in the deep ocean must survive in a physical environment that is radically different from ocean habitats near the sea surface.