NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Often, the first entities to appear in the regions of the primary succession are lichens or mosses and are referred to as pioneer species as they are the first species found.

Detailed explanation-2: -The first organisms to appear in areas of primary succession are often mosses or lichens. These organisms are known as pioneer species because they are the first species present; pioneer species must be hardy and strong, just like human pioneers.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lichens are pioneers: they have the ability to settle on substrates that are very low in nutrients and can withstand extreme temperature and light conditions. The first known lichens date back to the Devonian.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fungi and lichen are the most common pioneer species in primary succession because they have the ability to break down minerals to form soil and subsequently develop organic matter. Once pioneer species colonize the area and start to build soil, other species like grasses begin to move in.

Detailed explanation-5: -Pioneer species are hardy species which are the first to colonize previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems. Some lichens grow on rocks without soil, so may be among the first form of life. The example includes bacteria, fungi, and lichens.