NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In African countries, a large amount of contaminants in the environment are generated by industrial operations. Contaminants can reach water resources, both surface and underground waters, by the emission of gaseous, liquid and solid materials from different industries.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mining companies in Africa have been deeply criticized for hazardously dumping waste without thinking about the health consequences it causes. Salt and mineral content from mining is often found in large amounts in the continent’s water which has a direct effect on the water’s pH levels.

Detailed explanation-3: -Industrial discharge contains a large number of hazardous chemicals. It discharges these chemicals directly into the rivers, lakes, or nearby water bodies. These highly toxic chemicals may harm aquatic animals and human beings. Many factories also use freshwater to carry away their waste into the water bodies.

Detailed explanation-4: -Every year, thousands of tons of plastic waste is shipped into countries like South Africa and Kenya from the Global North, where most of it finds its way into fragile river and dam ecosystems, causing water pollution. Africa’s coastlines are also being threatened by water pollution.