NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Two decades of malfeasance, mismanagement, and corruption have led to ill-maintained energy infrastructure and a large number of oil spills in Venezuela. Caracas’ reluctance to identify, contain, and clean up oil spills has significantly worsened the environmental impact.

Detailed explanation-2: -Environmental issues include sewage pollution into Valencia Lake, oil and urban pollution of Maracaibo Lake, deforestation, soil degradation, and urban and industrial pollution, especially along the Caribbean coast.

Detailed explanation-3: -The consequences of Venezuela’s crumbling oil infrastructure are both varied and severe. These include coastal spills that have proven devastating to marine biodiversity, as well as inland pipeline ruptures and unrestricted flaring that produces vast amounts of harmful gasses.

Detailed explanation-4: -Burning surface oil can also be a source for pollution such as soot particles. During the cleanup and recovery process, it will also generate air pollutants such as nitric oxides and ozone from ships. Lastly, bubble bursting can also be a generation pathway for particulate matter during an oil spill.