NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Over 300 million Africans lack clean water. Drinking contaminated water and lack of adequately equipped medical facilities has affected Africa through killer diseases like typhoid, cholera, and dysentery. Several factors have caused dirty water in Africa.

Detailed explanation-2: -Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (like oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, aquifers, and groundwater) usually caused due to human activities. Water contaminated with human feces can lead to the spread of diseases such as typhoid, ascariasis, and amoebiasis. Thus it is a true statement.

Detailed explanation-3: -Africa is home to five of the top ten most heavily polluted countries worldwide in terms of outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Outdoor PM2.5 is the most consistent predictor of deaths from cardiovascular, respiratory, and other diseases in studies of long-term exposure to air pollution.

Detailed explanation-4: -Traffic emissions, transported dust and open burning are all significant contributors to air pollution in Africa. The Sahara desert is a major source of transported dust, especially during the harmattan season in West Africa. Mercury emissions are very high in South Africa due to coal combustion and gold mining.