NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Each of your kidneys is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron includes a filter, called the glomerulus, and a tubule. The nephrons work through a two-step process: the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Whereas the studies agree that average nephron number is approximately 900, 000 to 1 million per kidney, numbers for individual kidneys range from approximately 200, 000 to >2.5 million. Several studies have shown loss of glomeruli due to age-related glomerulosclerosis.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cortical nephrons (the majority of nephrons) start high in the cortex and have a short loop of Henle which does not penetrate deeply into the medulla. Cortical nephrons can be subdivided into superficial cortical nephrons and midcortical nephrons.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each nephron is composed of a renal corpuscle (glomerulus within Bowman’s capsule), a proximal tubule (convoluted and straight components), an intermediate tubule (loop of Henle), a distal convoluted tubule, a connecting tubule, and cortical, outer medullary, and inner medullary collecting ducts.

Detailed explanation-5: -The nephrons are called uriniferous tubules as they are the site of urine formation.