NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -First of all flame cells were developed as excretory cells phylum Platyhelminthes . So these most primitive types of excretory organs, are called protonephridia. These cells are irregular-shaped and hollow with pseudopodia processes. Cilia are also found in these, which keep moving all the time.

Detailed explanation-2: -A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms, rotifers and nemerteans; these are the simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system. Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials. Bundles of flame cells are called protonephridia.

Detailed explanation-3: -Kidneys. Kidneys are the main organ of the human excretory system.

Detailed explanation-4: -Flame cells are found in flatworms, including parasitic tapeworms and free-living planaria. They also maintain the organism’s osmotic balance. Figure 22.10. In the excretory system of the (a) planaria, cilia of flame cells propel waste through a tubule formed by a tube cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -The cells in the tubules are called flame cells (or protonephridia) because they have a cluster of cilia that looks like a flickering flame when viewed under the microscope.