NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The technical term for this is counter-current flow. This is the best way to remove harmful substances, waste products and excess water from the blood and get rid of them together with the dialysis fluid.

Detailed explanation-2: -During hemodialysis, your blood passes through a tube into an artificial kidney or filter. The filter, called a dialyzer, is divided into 2 parts separated by a thin wall. As your blood passes through one part of the filter, special fluid in the other part draws out waste from your blood.

Detailed explanation-3: -Diffusion is defined as the movement of solute from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane. Movement continues until equilibrium is achieved. The process was first described by Thomas Graham in 1861.

Detailed explanation-4: -During osmosis, fluid moves from areas of high water concentration to lower water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached. In dialysis, excess fluid moves from blood to the dialysate through a membrane until the fluid level is the same between blood and dialysate.

Detailed explanation-5: -Diffusion dialysis (DD) is an ion-exchange membrane (IEM) separation process driven by concentration gradient. Since the driving force for the separation process is mainly concentration gradient, diffusion dialysis is known as a spontaneous separation process.