NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This review describes the toxic alkaloids aconitine, atropine, coniine, colchicine, cytisine, dimethyltryptamine, harmine, harmaline, ibogaine, kawain, mescaline, scopolamine, and taxine, which are often involved in fatal and non-fatal poisonings.

Detailed explanation-2: -They are mainly produced by plants and animals for defense. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, codeine, coniine, quinine, scopolamine, hyoscamine, atropine, caffeine, sangunarine, berberine, etc. About a fifth of total plant species are believed to produce them.

Detailed explanation-3: -Alkaloids are present not only in human daily life in food and drinks but also as stimulant drugs. They showed anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesics, local anesthetic and pain relief, neuropharmacologic, antimicrobial, antifungal, and many other activities.

Detailed explanation-4: -Alkaloids are naturally occurring toxic amines produced by plants mainly as a defense mechanism to protect themselves against herbivores. The main toxic effects of alkaloids result in disturbances of the central nervous system, digestive processes, reproduction, and the immune system.