NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Figs have an obligate mutualism with tiny fig-pollinating wasps (family Agaonidae). Female wasps enter receptive syconia, where they pollinate female flowers. They also lay eggs into some flowers, where their larvae induce galls.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mutualism is the positive interaction in which two organisms live close together and benefit each other equally such as mycorrhiza, plant and animal relation for pollination and lichens.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fig pollinating wasps form obligate symbioses with their fig hosts. This mutualism arose approximately 75 million years ago. Unlike many other intimate symbioses, which involve vertical transmission of symbionts to host offspring, female fig wasps fly great distances to transfer horizontally between hosts.

Detailed explanation-4: -Lichens and Mycorrhizae are symbiotic organisms that involve two different species dependent on each other for food and shelter. It is a mutualistic relationship wherein both the organisms can gain from each other.