NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Mediterranean orchid Ophrys employs ‘sexual deceit’ to get cross-pollination done by a male species of bee.

Detailed explanation-2: -Orchids sometimes use traps to achieve pollination. Hammer orchids are pollinated by thynnine wasps. The labellum of hammer orchid flowers resembles a female wasp and it also produces chemicals that lure male wasps.

Detailed explanation-3: -Some flowers go to extraordinary lengths to attract pollinators. Bee orchids mimic the shape and scent of bees in order to lure them into ‘pseudocopulation’, where the male insect attempts to mate with the flower. While the bee gets nothing but a wasted effort, the orchid transfers some of its pollen to the bee.

Detailed explanation-4: -But orchids typically have exclusive relationships with their pollinators. These are usually bees, wasps, and flies, but many orchids also utilize moths, butterflies, fungus gnats, or birds to cross-pollinate their flowers.

Detailed explanation-5: -The bee enters the tunnel to get at the nectary, and as the bee backs out some of the stigmatic fluid may be rubbed on its back. As the bee backs farther, the pollinia become attached to the sticky material and are carried with the bee to the next flower.