NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Tiny microbes use chemical energy instead of light to combine water and carbon dioxide to make sugar. This chemical energy develops because of water that has seeped through the seafloor and is super-heated by the hot molten rock beneath the Earth’s crust.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are bacteria that live in hot springs and other volcanic water that get their energy from chemicals released as a result of volcanic activity. They do not need light, and they do not need oxygen, and the Earth’s interior provides them with heat, so they can live without the sun.

Detailed explanation-3: -The presence of living bacteria in some of the deepest parts of the ocean was demonstrated on the Gala-thea Expedition. Sediment samples taken from the bottom of the Philippine Trench at depths exceeding 10 000 meters were found to contain from 104 to 1Q6 living bacteria per ml.

Detailed explanation-4: -Obviously, organisms who live at the deep sea vents can’t rely on the Sun; instead, many of them rely on the chemicals that come out of the vents-the process they use to create food is called chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis.

Detailed explanation-5: -The most well known of these so-called chemoautotrophic or chemosynthetic bacteria are those found at hydrothermal vents in the deep sea.