ECOLOGY
ORGANISMS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Conifer trees and tall grasses with roots that loosen the soil
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Mosses and lichens that can grow on rocky surfaces
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Grasses and weeds that arrive as seeds carried by the wind and then germinatein rich soil
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Vines and shrubs that help prevent the erosion of shallow soil
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Detailed explanation-1: -Lichens are considered as pioneer species in primary succession on rocks because they can easily grow on rocks where other plants cannot grow. They produce oxalic acid which induced the weathering of rocks and thus soil is formed.
Detailed explanation-2: -Some common examples of pioneer species During primary succession on land, fungi and lichen are the most common pioneer species. They break down minerals in the rock to form soil, which allow subsequent communities to colonize the area.
Detailed explanation-3: -Common examples of pioneer species include bacteria, lichen, mosses, and fungi. In the ocean they can be phytoplankton, zooplankton, and algae.
Detailed explanation-4: -The first organisms to appear in areas of primary succession are often mosses or lichens.
Detailed explanation-5: -“A lichen is the composite association of a fungus and a photosynthetic symbiont that results in a stable vegetative organism with a specific structure” (definition of a lichen by the International Association for Lichenology).