NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In general, if the progeny of crosses between purebred plants looked like only one of the parents with regard to a specific trait, Mendel called the expressed parental trait the dominant trait.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mendel’s law of dominance states that in a heterozygote, one trait will conceal the presence of another trait for the same characteristic. Rather than both alleles contributing to a phenotype, the dominant allele will be expressed exclusively.

Detailed explanation-3: -Codominance, as it relates to genetics, refers to a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.

Detailed explanation-4: -Also known as Mendel’s second law of inheritance, the law of independent assortment states that a pair of traits segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation. As the individual heredity factors assort independently, different traits get equal opportunity to occur together.

Detailed explanation-5: -Mendel crossed pure lines of pea plants. Dominant traits, like purple flower colour, appeared in the first-generation hybrids (F1), whereas recessive traits, like white flower colour, were masked. However, recessive traits reappeared in second-generation (F2) pea plants in a ratio of 3:1 (dominant to recessive).