NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The bottleneck effect is an extreme example of genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced. Events like natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, fires) can decimate a population, killing most individuals and leaving behind a small, random assortment of survivors.

Detailed explanation-2: -The random changes that occur in populations that are small are called genetic drift or the founder effect. This is a change in the population allele frequency that is caused by the random chances that a certain allele will be passed along over another.

Detailed explanation-3: -Do you think genetic drift would happen more quickly on an island or on the mainland? Genetic drift is likely to occur more rapidly on an island where smaller populations are expected to occur. Small populations are more susceptible to the forces of genetic drift.

Detailed explanation-4: -Small populations tend to lose genetic diversity more quickly than large populations due to stochastic sampling error (i.e., genetic drift). This is because some versions of a gene can be lost due to random chance, and this is more likely to occur when populations are small.