NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Homologous structures are structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. These structures may or may not have the same function in the descendants.

Detailed explanation-2: -Homologous features If two or more species share a unique physical feature, such as a complex bone structure or a body plan, they may all have inherited this feature from a common ancestor. Physical features shared due to evolutionary history (a common ancestor) are said to be homologous.

Detailed explanation-3: -Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features). Similarities and differences among biological molecules (e.g., in the DNA sequence of genes) can be used to determine species’ relatedness.

Detailed explanation-4: -Analogous structures are similar structures in unrelated organisms. These structures are similar because they do the same job, not because they share common ancestry. For example, dolphins and sharks both have fins, even though they aren’t related. Both species developed fins because of how (and where) they live.

Detailed explanation-5: -Homologous structures are similarities throughout a group of closely related species. The similar bone patterns in bat’s wings, dolphin’s flippers, and horse’s legs support their descent from a common mammalian ancestor.