NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A single mutation can have a large effect, but in many cases, evolutionary change is based on the accumulation of many mutations with small effects. Mutational effects can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, depending on their context or location. Most non-neutral mutations are deleterious.

Detailed explanation-2: -It is well-known that most mutations arise spontaneously and they are, in general, either harmful or neutral. However, only a rare few are advantageous to the organism, as they increase its viability and reproductive ability (Darwinian fitness).

Detailed explanation-3: -Point mutations are typically known to be caused during DNA replication, and are thus a product of other genetic processes. Although most point mutations are considered to be more or less benign, there is usually a risk that they can lead to loss of protein function and ultimately, to various diseases.

Detailed explanation-4: -Expert-Verified Answer. D. A mutation causing uncontrolled cell division is harmful to the organism.