NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1).

Detailed explanation-2: -Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and yeast, naturally produce clones of themselves when they replicate asexually by binary fission; this is known as cellular cloning. The nuclear DNA duplicates by the process of mitosis, which creates an exact replica of the genetic material.

Detailed explanation-3: -One commonly used technique for cloning is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). The nucleus is removed from a healthy egg (germ cell). This egg with its nucleus removed becomes the host for a nucleus that is transplanted from another cell, such as a skin cell (somatic cell).

Detailed explanation-4: -Artificial embryo twinning is a form of sexual reproduction while somatic cell nuclear transfer is a form of asexual reproduction. FIRST, A LITTLE HISTORY: In 1996, Dolly the sheep became the first mammal to be cloned by transferring the nucleus from an adult somatic cell into an enucleated egg cell.