NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Two different processes contribute to gene shuffling: independent assortment and crossing over. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up with each other. When the homologs are divided into daughter cells, the chromosomes are sorted randomly into daughter cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -Crossing over occurs in prophase I, and is where parts of chromatids swap over between homologous chromosomes. Independent assortment occurs in metaphase I and anaphase I, and is where the homologous chromosomes are randomly shuffled into the two daughter cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Homologous recombination, or crossing over, where the genes along parent chromosomes are ‘shuffled’ to create a unique genome in the offspring.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gene shuffling is a facile method for the generation of sequence libraries containing the information from a family of related genes. Essentially, related genes are fragmented by DNase I digestion and reassembled by primerless PCR. The resulting chimeric genes can then be screened or selected for a desired function.

Detailed explanation-5: -Independent assortment occurs during meiosis in gamete production. Alleles from the maternal and paternal sides of the mother cell have an equal chance of being shuffled into a gene locus without the influence of the other loci. This phenomenon numerically translates into an overall recombination frequency of 50%.