NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -It is a type of frameshift mutation characterized by the loss of one or more nucleotides from the segment of DNA. Example of deletion mutation is DiGeorge syndrome. DiGeorge syndrome is a disorder caused due to the deletion of a small segment of chromosome 22.

Detailed explanation-2: -Identification of causal mutations typically begins with genetic mapping, followed by candidate gene sequencing and complementation studies using transformation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Deletion. A deletion changes the DNA sequence by removing at least one nucleotide in a gene. Small deletions remove one or a few nucleotides within a gene, while larger deletions can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes. The deleted DNA may alter the function of the affected protein or proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -Mutations can be of many types, such as substitution, deletion, insertion, and translocation.