NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Fertilization leads to new, diploid offspring. Sexual reproduction results in genetic variation, or genetic differences, between parents and offspring. Offspring inherit one set of chromosomes from each parent. So, an offspring has a mixture of chromosomes (and alleles) from its two parents.

Detailed explanation-2: -Sexual reproduction requires two parents. Each parent contributes a gamete-a sex cell that has half of the normal DNA of a regular body cell. In males, the gametes are sperm and in females, the gametes are eggs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique.

Detailed explanation-4: -Two major types of sexual reproduction are syngamy and conjugation. Syngamy refers to the fusion of haploid sex cells resulting in the formation of a diploid zygote. Thus, in essence, syngamy refers to fertilization. It is the most common type of reproduction in multicellular sexual populations, including humans.

Detailed explanation-5: -Each resulting cell, or gamete, resulting from meiosis has only half the amount of DNA as the parent cell. So in order to form a new organism, two gametes–the sex cells, sperm and egg–must fuse, further mixing the genes to produce more genetic diversity.