NEET BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Haemotoxic venom goes for the bloodstream. It can trigger lots of tiny blood clots and then when the venom punches holes in blood vessels causing them to leak, there is nothing left to stem the flow and the patient bleeds to death.

Detailed explanation-2: -As previously mentioned, the team used two proteins found in snake venom. The first-ecarin-causes the blood to clot rapidly, whilst the second-textilinin-prevents the body’s natural mechanism of breaking down blood clots.

Detailed explanation-3: -Many snake venoms exhibit strong haemotoxic properties by interfering with blood pressure, clotting factors and platelets, and by directly causing haemorrhage.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ecarin, from the saw-scaled viper’s venom, promotes the coagulation that initiates rapid blood clotting, while textilinin, from the eastern brown snake, prevents the breakdown of those blood clots, making them hardier and longer lasting, according to the study.

Detailed explanation-5: -They induce blood coagulation either by specifically activating zymogen, one of the blood coagulation factors, or by directly converting soluble fibrinogen into an insoluble fibrin clot. Structural and functional details of these pro-coagulant proteins from snake venoms have been recently reviewed [12–15].